HOW INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AFFECTS CARBON EMISSIONS IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES VS EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES DURING THE PERIOD 1990-2020

Abstract

The problem of food insecurity is one of the problems that attract the attention of international societies and organizations. The study and analysis of food insecurity indicators and the statement of the most important determinants of achieving food security locally are important in economic studies. The research aimed to calculate the quantitative measures that depend on determining the level of food insecurity in Iraq for the period From 2004-2020, the research showed that the level of undernourishment as a quantitative indicator for measuring food security through the number of undernourished people in Iraq was on the rise during the period (2004-2020), reaching (5.9) million people in the year (2004), While it reached (14.7) million people in (2020), as for the hunger index, it showed a fluctuation in its rates from (22.42) in (2005) as a minimum and a highest level (27.13) in (2014), which puts the levels of food insecurity in Iraq within the semi-dangerous level Which requires concerted government efforts to reduce food insecurity, through coordination between economic policies to ensure employment, more social justice, redistribution policy, social transfers, support for the poorest groups, and the adoption of a short-term policy through Dr. Supporting the poor groups and a long-term policy by guaranteeing health services, education and increasing job opportunities, which supports individuals obtaining greater opportunities for self-reliance in providing their daily needs.